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一、关于XML解析
XML在Java应用程序里变得越来越重要, 广泛应用于数据存储和交换. 比如我们常见的配置文件,都是以XML方式存储的. XML还应用于Java Message Service和Web Services等技术作为数据交换.因此,正确读写XML文档是XML应用的基础.
Java提供了SAX和DOM两种方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要读写一个稍微复杂的XML,也不是一件容易的事.
二、XMLBean简介
Hibernate已经成为目前流行的面向Java环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具.在Hibernate等对象/关系数据库映射工具出现之前,对数据库的操作是通过JDBC来实现的,对数据库的任何操作,开发人员都要自己写SQL语句来实现. 对象/关系数据库映射工具出现后,对数据库的操作转成对JavaBean的操作,极大方便了数据库开发. 所以如果有一个类似的工具能够实现将对XML的读写转成对JavaBean的操作,将会简化XML的读写,即使对XML不熟悉的开发人员也能方便地读写XML. 这个工具就是XMLBean.
三、准备XMLBean和XML文档
XMLBean是Apache的一个开源项目,可以从http://www.apache.org下载,最新的版本是2.0. 解压后目录如下:
  xmlbean2.0.0
       +---bin
       +---docs
       +---lib
       +---samples
       +---schemas
另外还要准备一个XML文档(customers.xml),
在本文的例子里,我们将对这个文档进行读写操作. 文档源码如下:
  ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
  Customers
      customer
              id1/id
              genderfemale/gender
              firstnameJessica/firstname
              lastnameLim/lastname
              phoneNumber1234567/phoneNumber
              address
                  primaryAddress
                          postalCode350106/postalCode
                          addressLine1#25-1/addressLine1
                          addressLine2SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME/addressLine2
                  /primaryAddress
                  billingAddress
                          receiverMs Danielle/receiver
                          postalCode350107/postalCode
                          addressLine1#167/addressLine1
                          addressLine2NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY/addressLine2
                  /billingAddress
              /address
      /customer
      customer
              id2/id
              gendermale/gender
              firstnameDavid/firstname
              lastnameBill/lastname
              phoneNumber808182/phoneNumber
              address
                  primaryAddress
                          postalCode319087/postalCode
                          addressLine11033 WS St./addressLine1
                          addressLine2Tima Road/addressLine2
                  /primaryAddress
                  billingAddress
                          receiverMr William/receiver
                          postalCode672993/postalCode
                          addressLine11033 WS St./addressLine1
                          addressLine2Tima Road/addressLine2
                  /billingAddress
              /address
      /customer
  /Customers
这是一个客户的数据模型,每个客户都有客户编号(ID),姓名,性别(gender),电话号码(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有两个: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)和帐单地址(BillingAddress),每个地址有邮编,地址1,和地址2组成.其中帐单地址还有收件人(receiver).此外,还要准备一个配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),这个文件的作用我后面会讲,它的内容如下:
xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config"
    xb:namespace
      xb:packagesample.xmlbean/xb:package
    /xb:namespace
/xb:config
四、XMLBean使用步骤
和其他面向Java环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具的使用步骤一样,在正式使用XMLBean前,我们要作两个准备.
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/webkaifa/)1. 生成XML Schema文件
什么是XML Schema文件? 正常情况下,每个XML文件都有一个Schema文件,XML Schema文件是一个XML的约束文件,它定义了XML文件的结构和元素.以及对元素和结构的约束. 通俗地讲,如果说XML文件是数据库里的记录,那么Schema就是表结构定义.
为什么需要这个文件? XMLBean需要通过这个文件知道一个XML文件的结构以及约束,比如数据类型等. 利用这个Schema文件,XMLBean将会产生一系列相关的Java Classes来实现对XML的操作. 而作为开发人员,则是利用XMLBean产生的Java Classes来完成对XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.怎样产生这个Schema文件呢? 如果对于熟悉XML的开发人员,可以自己来写这个Schema文件,对于不熟悉XML的开发人员,可以通过一些工具来完成.比较有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通过XML文件来生成Schema文件. 加入我们已经生成这个Schema文件(customer.xsd):
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/webkaifa/)         ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
         xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    elementFormDefault="qualified"
           xs:element name="Customers"
             xs:complexType
               xs:sequence
                 xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer"
                             type="customerType"/
               /xs:sequence
             /xs:complexType
           /xs:element
         xs:complexType name="customerType"
               xs:sequence
                 xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/
                 xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/
               /xs:sequence
         /xs:complexType
           xs:complexType name="addressType"
               xs:sequence
                 xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/
                 xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/
               /xs:sequence
           /xs:complexType
           xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType"
               xs:sequence
                 xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/
               /xs:sequence
           /xs:complexType
           xs:complexType name="billingAddressType"
               xs:sequence
                     xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/
                 xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/
               /xs:sequence
           /xs:complexType
         /xs:schema
2. 利用scomp来生成Java Classes
scomp是XMLBean提供的一个编译工具,它在bin的目录下. 通过这个工具,我们可以将以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.scomp的语法如下:-
scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
主要参数说明:
-src [dir] -- 生成的Java Classes存放目录
-srconly -- 不编译Java Classes,不产生Jar文件
-out [jarFileName] -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar
-compiler -- Java编译器的路径,即Javac的位置
schemaFile.xsd -- XML Schema文件位置
config.xsdconfig -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 这个文件主要用来制定生成的Java Class的一些文件名规则和Package的名称,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean
在本文,我是这样运行的:
        scomp -src buildsrc  -out buildcustomerXmlBean.jar schemacustomer.xsd
               -compiler C:jdk142_04injavac customer.xsdconfig
这个命令行的意思是告诉scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目录下,同时生成源代码放在buildsrc下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.其实, 生成的Java源代码没有多大作用,我们要的是jar文件.我们先看一下buildsrcsamplexmlbean下生成的Classes.
CustomersDocument.java -- 整个XML文档的Java Class映射
CustomerType.java -- 节点sustomer的映射
AddressType.java -- 节点address的映射
BillingAddressType.java -- 节点billingAddress的映射
PrimaryAddressType.java -- 节点primaryAddress的映射
好了,到此我们所有的准备工作已经完成了. 下面就开始进入重点:利用刚才生成的jar文件读写XML.
五、利用XMLBean读XML文件
新建一个Java Project,将XMLBean2.0.0lib下的Jar文件和刚才我们生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入到Project的ClassPath.
新建一个Java Class: CustomerXMLBean. 源码如下:
package com.sample.reader;
      import java.io.File;
      
      import sample.xmlbean.*;
      import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
      import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
      public class CustomerXMLBean {
      private String filename = null;
      
      public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
              super();
              this.filename = filename;
      }
      public void customerReader() {
              try {
                File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
                CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
            
                for (int i = 0; i  customers.length; i++) {
                  CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                  println("Customer#" + i);
                  println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
                  println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
                  println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
                  println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
                  println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
                  // Primary address
                  PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
                  println("PrimaryAddress:");
                  println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
                  println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
                  println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
                  // Billing address
                  BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
                  println("BillingAddress:");
                  println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
                  println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
                  println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
                  println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
              
                }
              } catch (Exception ex) {
                      ex.printStackTrace();
              }
      }
      private void println(String str) {
            System.out.println(str);
      }
     public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
                     
       CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                     customerXMLBean.customerReader();
      }
}
运行它,参看输出结果:
         Customer#0
         Customer ID:1
         First name:Jessica
         Last name:Lim
         Gender:female
         PhoneNumber:1234567
         PrimaryAddress:
         PostalCode:350106
         AddressLine1:#25-1
         AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
         BillingAddress:
         Receiver:Ms Danielle
         PostalCode:350107
         AddressLine1:#167
         AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY
         Customer#1
         Customer ID:2
         First name:David
         Last name:Bill
         Gender:male
         PhoneNumber:808182
         PrimaryAddress:
         PostalCode:319087
         AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
         AddressLine2:Tima Road
         BillingAddress:
         Receiver:Mr William
         PostalCode:672993
         AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
         AddressLine2:Tima Road
怎么样,是不是很轻松? XMLBean的威力.
六、利用XMLBean写XML文件
利用XMLBean创建一个XML文档也是一件轻而易举的事.我们再增加一个Method,
请看一下的Java Class:
      public void createCustomer() {
      try {
          // Create Document
          CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
          // Add new customer
          CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
          // set customer info
          customer.setId(3);
          customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
          customer.setLastname("Lim");
          customer.setGender("female");
          customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
          // Add new address
          AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
          // Add new PrimaryAddress
          PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
          primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
          primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
          primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");
          // Add new BillingAddress
          BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
          billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
          billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
          billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
          billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");
          File xmlFile = new File(filename);
          doc.save(xmlFile);
          } catch (Exception ex) {
                  ex.printStackTrace();
          }
}
修改main method.
      public static void main(String[] args) {
      String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
          CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
          customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
      }
运行,打开customers_new.xml:
      ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
      Customers
      customer
              id3/id
              genderfemale/gender
              firstnameJessica/firstname
              lastnameLim/lastname
              phoneNumber1234567/phoneNumber
              address
                      primaryAddress
                           postalCode350106/postalCode
                           addressLine1#25-1/addressLine1
                                         addressLine2SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME/addressLine2
                      /primaryAddress
                      billingAddress
                          receiverMs Danielle/receiver
                          postalCode350107/postalCode
                         addressLine1#167/addressLine1
                         addressLine2NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY/addressLine2
                      /billingAddress
                      /address
              /customer
      /Customers
七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件
我们再增加一个Method:
        public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
           try {
          File xmlFile = new File(filename);
          CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
          CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
        
          for (int i = 0; i  customers.length; i++) {
             CustomerType customer = customers[i];
            if(customer.getId()==id){
                  customer.setLastname(lastname);
                  break;
              }
          }
          doc.save(xmlFile);
           } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
           }
             }
main method:
      public static void main(String[] args) {
       String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                      
      CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                      
      customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
      }
运行之后,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的lastname已经改为last.
八、利用XMLBean删除一个customer
再增加一个Method:
      public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
       try {
        File xmlFile = new File(filename);
       CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
      CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
     for (int i = 0; i  customers.length; i++) {
          CustomerType customer = customers[i];
          if(customer.getId()==id){
                          customer.setNil() ;
                          break;
                 }
     }
     doc.save(xmlFile);
     } catch (Exception ex) {
          ex.printStackTrace();
          }
     }
main method:
      public static void main(String[] args) {
      String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                      
      CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                      
      customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
      }
运行,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的资料已经被删除.
九、查询XML
除了本文在以上讲述的,利用XMLBean能轻轻松松完成XML的读写操作外,结合XPath和XQuery,XMLBean还能完成象SQL查询数据库一样方便地查询XML数据. 关于XML查询以及如何创建XML数据库, 我将在另一篇文章里讨论.
十、结束语
XMLBean能帮助我们轻易读写XML,这将有助于我们降低XML的学习和使用,有了这个基础,开发人员将为学习更多地XML相关技术和Web Services,JMS等其他J2EE技术打下良好地基础.
  版权声明:Techtarget获Matrix授权发布,如需转载请联系Matrix
  作者:叶枫(http://blog.matrix.org.cn/page/叶枫)
  原文地址:http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html
来源:http://www.tulaoshi.com/n/20160219/1626929.html
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