JavaScript教程:网页浮动定位提示效果

【 tulaoshi.com - Web开发 】

本来想做一个集合浮动定位和鼠标跟随的tooltips效果，但发现定位和鼠标跟随在一些关键的地方还是不同的，还是分开来吧。
这个效果本身难度不大，主要在程序结构和扩展中下了些功夫，务求用起来更方便，能用在更多的地方。

程序特点

完整实例下载(点击下载)

运行代码框
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"headmeta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" /titleJavaScript 浮动定位提示效果/titlescriptvar $$ = function (id) {return "string" == typeof id ？ document.getElementById(id) : id;};var isIE = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') != -1;var isIE6 = isIE && ([/MSIE (d).0/i.exec(navigator.userAgent)][0][1] == "6");var isChrome = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome') != -1;var isSafari = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('AppleWebKit') != -1;// with input from Tino Zijdel, Matthias Miller, Diego Perini// http://dean.edwards.name/weblog/2005/10/add-event/function addEvent(element, type, handler) {if (element.addEventListener) {element.addEventListener(type, handler, false);} else {if (!handler.$$guid) handler.$$guid = addEvent.guid++;if (!element.events) element.events = {};var handlers = element.events[type];if (!handlers) {handlers = element.events[type] = {};if (element["on" + type]) {handlers[0] = element["on" + type];}}handlers[handler.$$guid] = handler;element["on" + type] = handleEvent;}};addEvent.guid = 1;function removeEvent(element, type, handler) {if (element.removeEventListener) {element.removeEventListener(type, handler, false);} else {if (element.events && element.events[type]) {delete element.events[type][handler.$$guid];}}};function handleEvent(event) {var returnValue = true;event = event || fixEvent(((this.ownerDocument || this.document || this).parentWindow || window).event);var handlers = this.events[event.type];for (var i in handlers) {this.$$handleEvent = handlers[i];if (this.$$handleEvent(event) === false) {returnValue = false;}}return returnValue;};function fixEvent(event) {event.target = event.srcElement;if(event.type == "mouseout") {event.relatedTarget = event.toElement;}else if(event.type == "mouseover") {event.relatedTarget = event.fromElement;}return event;};var Extend = function(destination, source) {for (var property in source) {destination[property] = source[property];}return destination;}var Contains = function(a, b){return a.contains ？ a != b && a.contains(b) : !!(a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 16);}var Bind = function(object, fun) {var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);return function() {return fun.apply(object, args.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));}}var BindAsEventListener = function(object, fun) {var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);return function(event) {return fun.apply(object, [event].concat(args));}}var FixedTips = function(tip, options){this.Tip = $$(tip);//提示框this._trigger = null;//触发对象this._timer = null;//定时器this._cssTip = this.Tip.style;//简化代码this._onshow = false;//记录当前显示状态this.SetOptions(options);//处理Tip对象this._cssTip.margin = 0;//避免定位问题this._cssTip.position = "absolute";this._cssTip.visibility = "hidden";this._cssTip.display = "block";this._cssTip.zIndex = 99;this._cssTip.left = this._cssTip.top = "-9999px";//避免占位出现滚动条//offset修正参数var iLeft = iTop = 0, p = this.Tip;while (p.offsetParent) {p = p.offsetParent; iLeft += p.offsetLeft; iTop += p.offsetTop;};this._offsetleft = iLeft;this._offsettop = iTop;//移入Tip对象时保持显示状态addEvent(this.Tip, "mouseover", BindAsEventListener(this, function(e){//如果是外部元素进入，说明当前是隐藏延时阶段，那么清除定时器取消隐藏this.Check(e.relatedTarget) && clearTimeout(this._timer);}));//ie6处理selectif (isIE6) {this._iframe = document.createElement("iframe style='position:absolute;filter:alpha(opacity=0);display:none;'");document.body.insertBefore(this._iframe, document.body.childNodes[0]);};//用于点击方式隐藏this._fCH = BindAsEventListener(this, function(e) {if (this.Check(e.target) && this.CheckHide()) {this.ReadyHide(this._trigger.ClickHideDelay);};});//用于触发方式隐藏this._fTH = BindAsEventListener(this, function(e) {if (this.Check(e.relatedTarget) && this.CheckHide()) {this.ReadyHide(this._trigger.TouchHideDelay);};});};FixedTips.prototype = {_doc: document.documentElement,//简化代码//设置默认属性SetOptions: function(options) {this.options = {//默认值ClickShow: true,//是否点击方式显示ClickShowDelay: false,//是否点击显示延时ClickHide: true,//是否点击方式隐藏ClickHideDelay: false,//是否点击隐藏延时TouchShow: true,//是否触发方式显示TouchShowDelay: true,//是否触发显示延时TouchHide: true,//是否触发方式隐藏TouchHideDelay: true,//是否触发隐藏延时ShowDelay: 300,//显示延时时间HideDelay: 300,//隐藏延时时间Align: "clientleft",//水平方向定位vAlign: "clienttop",//垂直方向定位Custom: { left: 0, top: 0 },//自定义定位Percent: { left: 0, top: 0 },//自定义百分比定位Adaptive: false,//是否自适应定位Reset: false,//自适应定位时是否重新定位onShow: function(){},//显示时执行onHide: function(){}//隐藏时执行};Extend(this.options, options || {});},//检查触发元素Check: function(elem) {//返回是否外部元素（即触发元素和Tip对象本身及其内部元素以外的元素对象）return !this._trigger ||!(this.Tip === elem || this._trigger.Elem === elem ||Contains(this.Tip, elem) || Contains(this._trigger.Elem, elem));},//准备显示ReadyShow: function(delay) {clearTimeout(this._timer);var trigger = this._trigger;//点击方式隐藏trigger.ClickHide && addEvent(document, "click", this._fCH);//触发方式隐藏trigger.TouchHide && addEvent(this._trigger.Elem, "mouseout", this._fTH);//是否延迟触发if (delay) {this._timer = setTimeout(Bind(this, this.Show), trigger.ShowDelay);} else { this.Show(); };},//显示Show: function() {clearTimeout(this._timer);this._trigger.onShow();//放在前面方便修改属性//根据预设定位和自定义定位计算left和topvar trigger = this._trigger, rect = trigger.Elem.getBoundingClientRect(),scrolldoc = isChrome || isSafari ？ document.body : this._doc,scrollLeft = scrolldoc.scrollLeft, scrollTop = scrolldoc.scrollTop,customLeft = trigger.Custom.left, customTop = trigger.Custom.top,iLeft = this.GetLeft(rect, trigger.Align) + customLeft,iTop = this.GetTop(rect, trigger.vAlign) + customTop;//自定义百分比定位if (trigger.Percent.left) { iLeft += .01 * trigger.Percent.left * trigger.Elem.offsetWidth; };if (trigger.Percent.top) { iTop += .01 * trigger.Percent.top * trigger.Elem.offsetHeight; };//自适应视窗定位if (trigger.Adaptive) {//修正定位参数var maxLeft = this._doc.clientWidth - this.Tip.offsetWidth,maxTop = this._doc.clientHeight - this.Tip.offsetHeight;if (trigger.Reset) {//自动重新定位if (iLeft maxLeft || iLeft 0) {iLeft = this.GetLeft(rect, 2 * iLeft maxLeft ？ "left" : "right") + customLeft;};if (iTop maxTop || iTop 0) {iTop = this.GetTop(rect, 2 * iTop maxTop ？ "top" : "bottom") + customTop;};} else {//修正到适合位置iLeft = Math.max(Math.min(iLeft, maxLeft), 0);iTop = Math.max(Math.min(iTop, maxTop), 0);};};//设置位置并显示this._cssTip.left = iLeft + scrollLeft - this._offsetleft + "px";this._cssTip.top = iTop + scrollTop - this._offsettop + "px";this._cssTip.visibility = "visible";//ie6处理selectif (isIE6) {this._iframe.style.left = iLeft + scrollLeft + "px";this._iframe.style.top = iTop + scrollTop + "px";this._iframe.style.width = this.Tip.offsetWidth + "px";this._iframe.style.height = this.Tip.offsetHeight + "px";this._iframe.style.display = "";};//触发方式隐藏trigger.TouchHide && addEvent(this.Tip, "mouseout", this._fTH);},//获取相对触发元素的leftGetLeft: function(rect, align) {switch (align.toLowerCase()) {case "left" :return rect.left - this.Tip.offsetWidth;case "clientleft" :return rect.left;case "center" :return (rect.left + rect.right - this.Tip.offsetWidth)/2;case "clientright" :return rect.right - this.Tip.offsetWidth;case "right" :default :return rect.right;};},//获取相对触发元素的topGetTop: function(rect, valign) {switch (valign.toLowerCase()) {case "top" :return rect.top - this.Tip.offsetHeight;case "clienttop" :return rect.top;case "center" :return (rect.top + rect.bottom - this.Tip.offsetHeight)/2;case "clientbottom" :return rect.bottom - this.Tip.offsetHeight;case "bottom" :default :return rect.bottom;};},//准备隐藏ReadyHide: function(delay) {clearTimeout(this._timer);if (delay) {this._timer = setTimeout(Bind(this, this.Hide), this._trigger.HideDelay);} else { this.Hide(); };},//隐藏Hide: function() {clearTimeout(this._timer);//设置隐藏this._cssTip.visibility = "hidden";this._cssTip.left = this._cssTip.top = "-9999px";//ie6处理selectif (isIE6) { this._iframe.style.display = "none"; };//处理触发对象if (!!this._trigger) {this._trigger.onHide();removeEvent(this._trigger.Elem, "mouseout", this._fTH);}this._trigger = null;//移除事件removeEvent(this.Tip, "mouseout", this._fTH);removeEvent(document, "click", this._fCH);},//添加触发对象Add: function(elem, options) {//创建一个触发对象var elem = $$(elem), trigger = Extend(Extend({ Elem: elem }, this.options), options || {});//点击方式显示addEvent(elem, "click", BindAsEventListener(this, function(e){if (trigger.ClickShow) {if (this.CheckShow(trigger)) {this.ReadyShow(trigger.ClickShowDelay);} else {clearTimeout(this._timer);};};}));//触发方式显示addEvent(elem, "mouseover", BindAsEventListener(this, function(e){if (trigger.TouchShow) {if (this.CheckShow(trigger)) {this.ReadyShow(trigger.TouchShowDelay);} else if (this.Check(e.relatedTarget)) {clearTimeout(this._timer);};};}));//返回触发对象return trigger;},//显示检查CheckShow: function(trigger) {if (trigger !== this._trigger) {//不是同一个触发对象就先执行Hide防止冲突this.Hide(); this._trigger = trigger; return true;} else { return false; };},//隐藏检查CheckHide: function() {if (this._cssTip.visibility === "hidden") {//本来就是隐藏状态，不需要再执行HideclearTimeout(this._timer);removeEvent(this._trigger.Elem, "mouseout", this._fTH);this._trigger = null;removeEvent(document, "click", this._fCH);return false;} else { return true; };}};/script/headbodystyle.trigger{border:1px solid #003099; color:#003099; background:#e2e7ff; padding:10px; width:200px; height:100px; margin-left:150px;}.tip{border:1px solid #c00000; color:#c00000; background:#ffcccc; padding:5px; line-height:20px;}/stylediv style="padding:50px;"div id="idTip" class="tip"/divdiv id="idTrigger1" class="trigger"selectoptiontest/option/select/divbr水平位置：labelinput name="nAlign" type="radio" value="left" /left /labellabelinput name="nAlign" type="radio" value="clientleft" /clientleft /labellabelinput name="nAlign" type="radio" value="center" /center /labellabelinput name="nAlign" type="radio" value="clientright" /clientright /labellabelinput name="nAlign" type="radio" value="right" checked="checked" /right /labelbr垂直位置：labelinput name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="top" /top /labellabelinput name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="clienttop" /clienttop /labellabelinput name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="center" /center /labellabelinput name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="clientbottom" /clientbottom /labellabelinput name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="bottom" checked="checked" /bottom /labelbrbr自定义定位：left：input id="idLeft" type="text" size="5" value="0" maxlength="3" /top：input id="idTop" type="text" size="5" value="0" maxlength="3"/brbrinput id="idClick" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /label for="idClick"点击方式/labelinput id="idTouch" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /label for="idTouch"触发方式/labelbrbr延时时间：input id="idDelayTime" type="text" size="5" value="0" maxlength="4"/input id="idDelay" type="button" value=" 取消延时 " /brbr其他应用范例： brbrdiv id="idTest1" 利用title： a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/11/17/1334778.html" title="拖放效果"拖放效果/a   a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/12/03/1346386.html" title="拖拉缩放效果"拖拉缩放效果/a   a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/07/21/1247267.html" title="图片切割效果" 图片切割效果/a /divbrbr流行的头像显示效果： brbrdiv id="idTest2" a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/07/06/1236770.html" title="图片滑动切换效果"img src="/articleimg/2009/07/6852/r_mx1.jpg" border="0"//a   a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/05/23/1205642.html" title="图片变换效果"img src="/articleimg/2009/07/6852/r_mx2.jpg" border="0"//a   a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/05/13/1194272.html" title="图片滑动展示效果"img src="/articleimg/2009/07/6852/r_mx3.jpg" border="0"//a /divbrbr关闭按钮：a id="idTest3" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2009/05/18/TableFixed.html"Table行定位效果/a/divscriptvar forEach = function(array, callback, thisObject){if(array.forEach){array.forEach(callback, thisObject);}else{for (var i = 0, len = array.length; i len; i++) { callback.call(thisObject, array[i], i, array); }}}//////////////////////////////////////var ft = new FixedTips("idTip");//////////////////////////////////////var trigger1 = ft.Add("idTrigger1", {onShow: function(){//定位测试var sAlign = this.Align, sVAlign = this.vAlign;forEach(document.getElementsByName("nAlign"), function(o){ if(o.checked){ sAlign = o.value; } });forEach(document.getElementsByName("nVAlign"), function(o){ if(o.checked){ sVAlign = o.value; } });this.Align = sAlign;this.vAlign = sVAlign;this.Custom.left = $$("idLeft").value | 0;this.Custom.top = $$("idTop").value | 0;trigger1.ShowDelay = trigger1.HideDelay = $$("idDelayTime").value | 0 || 300;ft.Tip.innerHTML = sAlign + "br" + sVAlign + "br" + "left: " + this.Custom.left + ", top: " + this.Custom.top;}});//延时测试$$("idDelayTime").value = trigger1.ShowDelay;$$("idDelay").onclick = function(){if(trigger1.TouchShowDelay){trigger1.ClickShowDelay = trigger1.ClickHideDelay =trigger1.TouchShowDelay = trigger1.TouchHideDelay = false;$$("idDelayTime").disabled = true;this.value = " 设置延时 ";}else{trigger1.ClickShowDelay = trigger1.ClickHideDelay =trigger1.TouchShowDelay = trigger1.TouchHideDelay = true;$$("idDelayTime").disabled = false;this.value = " 取消延时 ";}}//方式测试$$("idClick").onclick = function(){trigger1.ClickShow = trigger1.ClickHide = this.checked;}$$("idTouch").onclick = function(){trigger1.TouchShow = trigger1.TouchHide = this.checked;}///////////////////////////////////////forEach($$("idTest1").getElementsByTagName("a"), function(o){var title = o.title; o.title = "";ft.Add(o, { vAlign: "bottom", Percent: { left: 50, top: 0 }, onShow: function(){ ft.Tip.innerHTML = title; } });})///////////////////////////////////////forEach($$("idTest2").getElementsByTagName("a"), function(o){var img = o.getElementsByTagName("img")[0], title = o.title;o.title = "";ft.Add(img, { Custom: { left: -6, top: -6 },onShow: function(){var str = 'a href="' + o.href + '"img src="' + img.src + '" style="padding-bottom:5px;" border="0"//a';str += 'br /a href="' + o.href + '"' + title + '/a';ft.Tip.innerHTML = str;}});})///////////////////////////////////////ft.Add("idTest3", { ClickHide: false, TouchHide: false, Align: "right",onShow: function(){var str = 'a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2009/03/11/1408333.html"颜色梯度和渐变效果/abr /';str += 'a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/10/20/1314766.html"仿163网盘无刷新文件上传系统/abr /';str += 'input type="button" onclick="ft.Hide();" value="点击关闭" /';ft.Tip.innerHTML = str;}});/script/body/html
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JavaScript,定位,浮动,提示,tooltips,FixedTips,Tip
程序说明

Tip对象：

Tip对象就是用来显示提示信息的容器，程序用Tip属性表示。这个没什么要求，程序初始化时会对它进行一些设置。
首先进行下面设置：

this._cssTip.margin = 0;
this._cssTip.position = "absolute";
this._cssTip.visibility = "hidden";
this._cssTip.display = "block";
this._cssTip.zIndex = 99;
this._cssTip.left = this._cssTip.top = "-9999px";

其中margin设为0是为了避免一些定位问题，用visibility来隐藏而不是display是因为程序需要获取Tip的offsetWidth、offsetHeight，还需要设置left和top是避免因Tip占位出现的滚动条。
因为Tip可能会在其他定位元素里面，所以还要设两个offset修正参数：

var iLeft = iTop = 0, p = this.Tip.offsetParent;
while (!(p === document.body || p === document.documentElement)) {
    iLeft += p.offsetLeft; iTop += p.offsetTop; p = p.offsetParent;
};
this._offsetleft = iLeft;
this._offsettop = iTop;

最后给Tip的mouseover加一个事件，具体后面再说明。