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【 tulaoshi.com - 编程语言 】
用户登陆的实现
看到题目,您一定觉得很土,Struts早已风靡,而关于Stuts的文章也早已遍地都是,假如你觉得土那你就别看了,我只是把我这段时间学到的一些比较肤浅知识在这里记录一下,假如您真在这些连载文章中获得了您想要的知识,那么我就会很欣慰了。import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import org.apache.struts.action.*;
public class LoginForm extends ActionForm
  {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
      private String user = null;
      private String password = null;
    public String getPassword()
  
         {
          return password;
      }
    public void setPassword( String password )
      {
          this.password = password;
      }
    public String getUser()
      {
          return user;
      }
    public void setUser( String user )
      {
          this.user = user;
      }
      
      public void reset(ActionMapping mapping,HttpServletRequest request)
      {
          this.password = null;这里很重要,当用户输入有错时,需要返回登陆界面给用户,为了用户填写方便我们可以设置返回给用户的哪部分信息设置为空
      }
  }
  
  我用来实现登陆的DispatchAction代码如下:
        public ActionForward login( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
              HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res ) throws Exception
      {
           Service service = getService();调用业务逻辑
          LoginForm loginForm = (LoginForm) form;获取formbean
          String user = loginForm.getUser();提取用户名
          Person person = service.getUser( user );从业务逻辑中查找用户
          ActionMessages messages = new ActionMessages();
          ActionMessage am;
          if ( person == null )假如用户不存在,我们就返回
          {
              am = new ActionMessage( "index.jsp.fail.user", user );参数的意义:第一个是主串,而后面的作为arg数组
              messages.add( "user", am );把错误信息放到errors 属性为user那里去显示
              saveErrors( req, messages );
              form.reset( mapping, req );假如出现错误,调用formbean的重置功能
              return mapping.findForward( ID.FAIL );
          }
          if ( !person.getPassword().equals( loginForm.getPassword() ) )假如密码不一致
          {
              am = new ActionMessage( "index.jsp.fail.password", user );
              messages.add( "password", am );
  
                 saveErrors( req, messages );
              form.reset( mapping, req );
              return mapping.findForward( ID.FAIL );
          }
         
          setSessionObject( req, person.getType(), person );把用户放到session里
          return new ActionForward( person.getType() + ".do", true );我在每个类型用户的类中加入了一个getType来在这里调用,之后动态的去对应的admin.do,student.do,teacher.do的主页面,并且这里实现的不是请求转发,而是请求从定向
     }
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/bianchengyuyan/)
整体结构
为了让大家更方便的了解我这个设计,我先把我的一些整体的规划都说出来吧,由于我是初学,难免会参照本书籍来看,我买的是那本孙某女的书《精通:*****》,看了看她前面的介绍,我一看了不得,能出书,写的还都不错,这女的可不得了,渐渐迷惑的地方非常多,比如例子里面注释都拽上了英语,搞不懂,而当我从网上下到电子盗版jakarta struts(我已安下栽说明要求的那样在24小时后删除了)这本书的时候我才恍然大悟,原来是抄袭啊?至于是谁抄的谁,口说无凭,不能乱诽谤,不过大家心里都该有杆称!
  
  下面就是代码了:
  package com.boya.subject.model;
  public interface Person
  {
      public Long getId();
      public void setId( Long id );
      public String getName();
      public void setName( String name );
      public String getPassword();
      public void setPassword( String password );
      public String getTelphone();
      public void setTelphone( String telphone );
      public String getUser();
      public void setUser( String user );
      public String getType();
  }
  
  package com.boya.subject.model;
  public abstract class User implements Person
  {
      private Long id;数据库id
      private String user;用户名
      private String password;密码
      private String name;姓名
      private String telphone;电话
    public Long getId()
      {
          return id;
      } 
    public void setId( Long id )
      {
          this.id = id;
      } 
    public String getName()
      {
          return name;
      } 
    public void setName( String name )
      {
          this.name = name;
      } 
    public String getPassword()
      {
  
             return password;
      } 
    public void setPassword( String password )
      {
          this.password = password;
      } 
    public String getTelphone()
      {
          return telphone;
      } 
    public void setTelphone( String telphone )
      {
          this.telphone = telphone;
      } 
    public String getUser()
      {
          return user;
      } 
    public void setUser( String user )
      {
          this.user = user;
      }
  }
  
  package com.boya.subject.model;
  public class Admin extends User
  {
      private String grade = null; 治理员权限 
    public String getGrade()
      {
          return grade;
      } 
    public void setGrade( String grade )
      {
          this.grade = grade;
      } 
    public String getType()
      {
          return "admin";
      }
  }
  
  package com.boya.subject.model;
  public class Teacher extends User
  {
      private String level; 教师职称 
    public String getLevel()
      {
          return level;
      } 
    public void setLevel( String level )
      {
          this.level = level;
      } 
    public String getType()
      {
          return "teacher";
      }
  }
  
  package com.boya.subject.model; 
public class Student extends User
  {
      private String sn;学生学号
      private SchoolClass schoolClass; 班级 
    public SchoolClass getSchoolClass()
      {
          return schoolClass;
      } 
    public void setSchoolClass( SchoolClass schoolClass )
  
         {
          this.schoolClass = schoolClass;
      } 
    public String getSn()
      {
          return sn;
      } 
    public void setSn( String sn )
      {
          this.sn = sn;
      } 
    public String getType()
      {
          return "student";
      }
  }
  
  而对于Action我分别做了一个抽象类,之后别的从这里继续
  先是Action的
  package com.boya.subject.controller; 
import java.io.IOException;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
  import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
  import com.boya.subject.frame.ID;
  import com.boya.subject.frame.ServiceFactory;
  import com.boya.subject.model.Person;
  import com.boya.subject.service.Service;
  import com.boya.subject.util.HtmlUtil; 
public abstract class BaseAction extends Action
  {
      /**
       * 由服务工厂方法创建服务
       * @return 数据库操作的服务
       * 2006-5-16 18:10:04
       */
      public Service getService()
      {
          ServiceFactory factory = (ServiceFactory) getAppObject( ID.SF );
          Service service = null;
          try
          {
              service = factory.createService();
          }
          catch ( Exception e )
          {
          }
          return service;
      } 
    /**
       * 判定用户是否合法登陆
       * @param req 
       * @return 用户是否登陆
       * 2006-5-16 18:11:26
       */
      public boolean isLogin( HttpServletRequest req )
      {
          if ( getPerson( req ) != null ) return true;
          else
              return false;
  
         } 
    
      /**
       * 抽象方法,子类实现
       * @param mapping
       * @param form
       * @param req
       * @param res
       * @return
       * @throws Exception
       * 2006-5-16 18:12:54
       */
      protected abstract ActionForward executeAction( ActionMapping mapping,
              ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res )
              throws Exception; 
    /**
       * 获取session范围的用户
       * @param req
       * @return 当前用户
       * 2006-5-16 18:13:35
       */
      public abstract Person getPerson( HttpServletRequest req ); 
    /**
       * 父类的执行Action
       * @see org.apache.struts.action.Action#execute(org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping, org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
       */
      public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
              HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res ) throws Exception
      {
          if ( !isLogin( req ) )
          {
              HtmlUtil.callParentGo( res.getWriter(), ID.M_UNLOGIN, ID.P_INDEX );
              return null;
          }
          return executeAction( mapping, form, req, res );
      } 
    /**
       * 删除session中属性为attribute的对象
       * @param req
       * @param attribute 对象属性
       * 2006-5-16 18:16:59
       */
      public void removeSessionObject( HttpServletRequest req, String attribute )
      {
          HttpSession session = req.getSession();
          session.removeAttribute( attribute );
      } 
    /**
       * 设置session中属性为attribute的对象
       * @param req
  
          * @param attribute 设置属性
       * @param o 设置对象
       * 2006-5-16 18:17:50
       */
      public void setSessionObject( HttpServletRequest req, String attribute,
              Object o )
      {
          req.getSession().setAttribute( attribute, o );
      } 
    /**
       * 设置application中属性为attribute的对象
       * @param req
       * @param attribute 设置属性
       * @param o 设置对象
       * 2006-5-16 18:17:50
       */
      public void setAppObject( String attribute, Object o )
      {
          servlet.getServletContext().setAttribute( attribute, o );
      } 
    public Object getSessionObject( HttpServletRequest req, String attribute )
      {
          Object obj = null;
          HttpSession session = req.getSession( false );
          if ( session != null ) obj = session.getAttribute( attribute );
          return obj;
      } 
    public Object getAppObject( String attribute )
      {
          return servlet.getServletContext().getAttribute( attribute );
      } 
    public void callParentGo( HttpServletResponse res, String msg, String url )
              throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callParentGo( res.getWriter(), msg, url );
      } 
    public void callMeGo( HttpServletResponse res, String msg, String url )
              throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callMeGo( res.getWriter(), msg, url );
      } 
    public void callBack( HttpServletResponse res, String msg )
              throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callBack( res.getWriter(), msg );
      } 
    public void callMeConfirm( HttpServletResponse res, String msg, String ok,
  
                 String no ) throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callMeConfirm( res.getWriter(), msg, ok, no );
      }
  }
  再是DispatchAction的
  package com.boya.subject.controller; 
import java.io.IOException;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
  import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
  import com.boya.subject.frame.ID;
  import com.boya.subject.frame.ServiceFactory;
  import com.boya.subject.model.Person;
  import com.boya.subject.service.Service;
  import com.boya.subject.util.HtmlUtil; 
public abstract class BaseDispatchAction extends DispatchAction
  {
      /**
       * 由服务工厂方法创建服务
       * @return 数据库操作的服务
       * 2006-5-16 18:10:04
       */
      public Service getService()
      {
          ServiceFactory factory = (ServiceFactory) getAppObject( ID.SF );
          Service service = null;
          try
          {
              service = factory.createService();
          }
          catch ( Exception e )
          {
          }
          return service;
      } 
    /**
       * 判定用户是否合法登陆
       * @param req 
       * @return 用户是否登陆
       * 2006-5-16 18:11:26
       */
      public boolean isLogin( HttpServletRequest req )
      {
          if ( getPerson( req ) != null ) return true;
          else
              return false;
      } 
    /**
       * 获取session范围的用户
       * @param req
       * @return 当前用户
       * 2006-5-16 18:13:35
       */
      public abstract Person getPerson( HttpServletRequest req ); 
    /**
  
          * 父类的执行DispatchAction
       * @see org.apache.struts.action.Action#execute(org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping, org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
       */
      public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
              HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res ) throws Exception
      {
          try
          {
              if ( !isLogin( req ) )
              {
                  callParentGo( res, ID.M_UNLOGIN, ID.P_INDEX );
                  return null;
              }
              return super.execute( mapping, form, req, res );
          }
          catch ( NoSUChMethodException e )
          {
              callBack( res, ID.M_NOMETHOD );
              return null;
          }
      } 
    /**
       * 删除session中属性为attribute的对象
       * @param req
       * @param attribute 对象属性
       * 2006-5-16 18:16:59
       */
      public void removeSessionObject( HttpServletRequest req, String attribute )
      {
          HttpSession session = req.getSession();
          session.removeAttribute( attribute );
      } 
    /**
       * 设置session中属性为attribute的对象
       * @param req
       * @param attribute 设置属性
       * @param o 设置对象
       * 2006-5-16 18:17:50
       */
      public void setSessionObject( HttpServletRequest req, String attribute,
              Object o )
      {
          req.getSession().setAttribute( attribute, o );
  
         } 
    /**
       * 设置application中属性为attribute的对象
       * @param req
       * @param attribute 设置属性
       * @param o 设置对象
       * 2006-5-16 18:17:50
       */
      public void setAppObject( String attribute, Object o )
      {
          servlet.getServletContext().setAttribute( attribute, o );
      } 
    public Object getSessionObject( HttpServletRequest req, String attribute )
      {
          Object obj = null;
          HttpSession session = req.getSession( false );
          if ( session != null ) obj = session.getAttribute( attribute );
          return obj;
      } 
    public Object getAppObject( String attribute )
      {
          return servlet.getServletContext().getAttribute( attribute );
      } 
    public void callParentGo( HttpServletResponse res, String msg, String url )
              throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callParentGo( res.getWriter(), msg, url );
      } 
    public void callMeGo( HttpServletResponse res, String msg, String url )
              throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callMeGo( res.getWriter(), msg, url );
      } 
    public void callBack( HttpServletResponse res, String msg )
              throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callBack( res.getWriter(), msg );
      } 
    public void callMeConfirm( HttpServletResponse res, String msg, String ok,
              String no ) throws IOException
      {
          HtmlUtil.callMeConfirm( res.getWriter(), msg, ok, no );
      }
  } 
  对于程序中的一些提示信息,我比较喜欢用JS来写,所以我把这些都放到了一个类中
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.Writer; 
public class HtmlUtil
  {
      public static void callParentGo( Writer out, String msg, String url )
  
                 throws IOException
      {
          out.write( " " );
      } 
    public static void callMeGo( Writer out, String msg, String url )
              throws IOException
      {
          out.write( " " );
      } 
    public static void callMeConfirm( Writer out, String msg ,String ok, String no )
              throws IOException
      {
          out.write( " " );
      } 
    public static void callBack( Writer out, String msg ) throws IOException
      {
          out.write( " " );
      }
  } 
  
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/bianchengyuyan/)
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/bianchengyuyan/)
接着上次的话题,下面的就是学生注册时需要的学院,专业,班级,三层列表,
  学院:
  
       
      
  专业:
  
  班级:
  
  
  学院是上来就应该有的,我们把他放到了LabelValueBean里
  public Vector
      {
          Connection connection = null;
          PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
          ResultSet rs = null;
          try
          {
              connection = getConnection();
              pstmt = connection.prepareStatement( "select * from institute" );
              rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
              Vector
              institutes.add( new LabelValueBean( "请选择所在学院", "" ) );
              while ( rs.next() )
              {
                  institutes.add( new LabelValueBean(
                          rs.getString( "institute" ), rs.getString( "id" ) ) );
              }
              return institutes;
          }
          catch ( Exception e )
          {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
          finally
          {
  
                 close( rs );
              close( pstmt );
              close( connection );
          }
          return null;
      }
  而当它选择了一个学院后,相应的getDepartments(this.value)的js脚本就该工作了,还是四步
  var xmlHttp;
  function createXMLHttpRequest()
  {
   if (window.XMLHttpRequest) 
   { 
    xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); 
   }
   else if (window.ActiveXObject) 
   {
    xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); 
      } 
  }
  发出请求
  function getDepartments(institute) 
  {
   createXMLHttpRequest()
   var url = "ajax.do?institute="+institute+"&method=getDepartments"
   xmlHttp.open("GET",url, true)
   xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = departments
   xmlHttp.send(null)
  }
  处理响应
  function departments()
  {
   if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) 
   {
    if (xmlHttp.status == 200) 
    {
     resText = xmlHttp.responseText
     each = resText.split("")
     buildSelect( each, document.getElementById("departmentId"), "请选择所在专业");
    }
   }
  }
  function buildSelect(str,sel,label)
  {
   sel.options.length=0;
   sel.options[sel.options.length]=new Option(label,"")
   for(var i=0;i
    each=str[i].split(",")
    sel.options[sel.options.length]=new Option(each[0],each[1])
   }
  }
  我把从数据库中得到的各个专业进行了编码,之后再这里再回归回去,下面的是编码过程
  public StringBuffer getDepartmentsByInstituteIdForAjax( Long instituteId )
      {
          Connection connection = null;
          PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
          ResultSet rs = null;
          try
          {
              connection = getConnection();
              pstmt = connection
                      .prepareStatement( "select * from department where instituteID=?" );
              pstmt.setLong( 1, instituteId );
              rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
              StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
              while ( rs.next() )
              {
  
                     sb.append( rs.getString( "department" ) + ","
                          + rs.getLong( "id" ) );
                  if ( !rs.isLast() ) sb.append( "" );
              }
              return sb;
          }
          catch ( Exception e )
          {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
          finally
          {
              close( rs );
              close( pstmt );
              close( connection );
          }
          return null;
      }
  当然这些都是由
  public ActionForward getDepartments( ActionMapping mapping,
              ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res )
              throws Exception
      {
          Service service = getService();
          res.getWriter().write(
                  service.getDepartmentsByInstituteIdForAjax(
                          Long.parseLong( req.getParameter( "institute" ) ) )
                          .toString() );
          return null;
      }
  来控制
  
  ===========班级的再这里
  public ActionForward getClasses( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
              HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res ) throws Exception
      {
          Service service = getService();
          res.getWriter().write(
                  service.getClassesByDepartmentIdForAjax(
                          Long.parseLong( req.getParameter( "department" ) ) )
  
                             .toString() );
          return null;
      }
  
  
  public StringBuffer getClassesByDepartmentIdForAjax( Long departmentId )
      {
          Connection connection = null;
          PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
          ResultSet rs = null;
          try
          {
              connection = getConnection();
              pstmt = connection
                      .prepareStatement( "select * from class where departmentID=?" );
              pstmt.setLong( 1, departmentId );
              rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
              StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
              while ( rs.next() )
              {
                  sb.append( rs.getString( "class" ) + "," + rs.getLong( "id" ) );
                  if ( !rs.isLast() ) sb.append( "" );
              }
              return sb;
          }
          catch ( Exception e )
          {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
          finally
          {
              close( rs );
              close( pstmt );
              close( connection );
          }
          return null;
      }
  
  function getClasses(department)
  {
   createXMLHttpRequest()
   var url = "ajax.do?department="+department+"&method=getClasses"
   xmlHttp.open("GET",url, true)
   xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = classes
   xmlHttp.send(null)
  
     }
function classes()
  {
   if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) 
   {
    if (xmlHttp.status == 200) 
    {
     resText = xmlHttp.responseText
     each = resText.split("")
     buildSelect( each, document.getElementById("classid"), "请选择所在班级");
    }
   }
  } 
  
(本文来源于图老师网站,更多请访问http://www.tulaoshi.com/bianchengyuyan/)
大家都知道Struts是一种基于MVC的结构,而这个MVC又怎么样理解呢?书上阐述的一般都很具体,而我的理解很直白,我们可以把业务逻辑放到每个JSP页面中,当你访问一个JSP页面的时候,就可以看到业务逻辑得到的结果,而把这些业务逻辑与HTML代码夹杂到了一起,一定会造成一些不必要的麻烦,可以不可以不让我们的业务逻辑和那些HTML代码夹杂到一起呢?多少得搀杂一些,那干脆,尽量少的吧,于是我们可以尝试着把业务逻辑的运算过程放到一个Action里,我们访问这个Action,之后Action执行业务逻辑,最后把业务逻辑的结果放到request中,并将页面请求转发给一个用于显示结果的jsp页面,这样,这个页面就可以少去很多的业务逻辑,而只是单纯的去显示一些业务逻辑计算结果的页面而已。这时的Action称为控制器,JSP页可以叫做视图了,而控制器操作的业务对象,无非就应该叫模型了!
  
  从上面的话,我们来分析一下当我们要做一个分页时所需要的部分,而在这之前,我们先看看他们的执行过程吧,首先我们第一次请求访问一个页面,它会把所有记录的前N条显示给我们,之后计算是否有下一页,等类似的信息,当我们点下一页的时候,就获取下一页的信息,我们还可以添加一个搜索,比如我们用于显示学生的,可以安学生姓名查找,学号查找,班级查找。而对于显示的对象,我们一般也都会封装为javabean,所以用于放置查询结果的容器是不定的,而这时,我们就需要用泛型来提升我们的代码效率!
  
  首先我们写一个用于分页显示的javabean:
  
  package com.boya.subject.model;
import java.util.Vector;
public class Page
  {
      private int current = 1;        //当前页
      private int total = 0;         //总记录数
      private int pages = 0;    //总页数
      private int each = 5;         //每页显示
      private int start = 0;      //每页显示的开始记录数
      private int end = 0;       //每页显示的结束记录数
      private boolean next = false;        //是否有下一页
      private boolean previous = false;  //是否有上一页
      private Vector
    public Page( Vector
      {
          this.v = v;
          each = per;
          total = v.size();   //容器的大小就是总的记录数
          if ( total % each == 0 ) 
              pages = total / each;       //计算总页数
          else
              pages = total / each + 1;
          if ( current = pages )
          {
              next = false;
  
             }
          else
          {
              next = true;
          }
          if ( total  each )
          {
              start = 0;
                        
来源:http://www.tulaoshi.com/n/20160219/1622807.html
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