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                               一. 在单个服务器上的备份 
最常见的备份方法是在命令行上用经典的备份程序tar .是最通用最简单也最有用的备份工具 
# tar cvf  backup.tar /etc (备份整个etc 目录及下面的所有子目录和文件) 
#gzip -9 backup.tar  (得到最大的压缩率) 
你可以把备份后的backup.tar.gz转存到其它介质,CDR/CDRW光盘,私人信箱等 
二. 跨服务器的备份 
1. 利用ssh/scp功能直接把文件或目录从一台服务器拷贝到另一台服务器上。 
参见文章荟萃中另一篇文章《如何不用密码进行ssh/scp》 
2. 利用smbmount先mount另一台服务器上的Samba共享目录到这台机器的某目录下,直接进行cp操作。 
 如:[root@sh/mnt]# smbmount //sh3/pub /mnt/sh3 -N 
将服务器sh3上的Samba共享目录pub mount到服务器sh上的/mnt/sh3目录下面。且不提示密码 
3.  利用NFS功能进行服务器间的备份,有一定程序的安全性问题,在此不多做介绍。 
三. 备份到其它介质 
你可以备份到磁带,ZIP drive , JAZ drive 
1. 备份到磁带 
假设你已经设置并安装好了磁带机,本人用的是HP SuitStore 500,外置,SCSI接口。 
1. 查看磁带中的目录  tar tvf /dev/st0  
2. 查看磁带内容并输出到一个文件中 tar tvf /dev/st0  stlist  
3.  备份档案  tar cvf /dev/st0 /etc  
 tar cvf /dev/st0 /etc/hosts /boot /etc/smb.conf  
4. 按指定的文件内容或目录释放出磁带中的相应文件 
tar -T stlist -xvf /dev/st0  
 tar xvfz /dev/st0 /etc/  
6. 附加个别文件到磁带后面 
 tar -r /etc/hosts /etc/passwd -vf /dev/st0  
7. 从现有磁带中删除一个或几个文件 
 tar --delete etc/hosts -vf /dev/st0  
8. 附加一个现有的tar文档到磁带后面  
 tar -A pamd.tar -vf /dev/st0 
2. 备份到JAZ 驱动器 
7.3 Getting a Zip drive to work  
(参见Redhat FAQ: http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/faqs/rhl_general_faq/FAQ.html ) 
There are excellent references in the ZIP HOWTOs at http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP.  
Also, there is a Zip HOWTO at:  
http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX-3.html 
In Red Hat Linux 6.1, there are a few extra steps needed to get a parallel port Zip drive to work:  
Edit your /etc/conf.modules and add:  
        alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc 
        alias scsi_hostadapter ppa          
Then log in as root and run:  
modprobe ppa  
Some people have had problems if they daisy chain a Zip drive off of a chain with a  
printer on it. Currently, we recommend that you use either the printer or the Zip drive.  
For more information, check www.torque.net/paraport  
If you are having problems with an IDE Zip drive, here is further information:  
First check and make sure there is a disk in the drive. Also, make sure you are mounting 
 it as partition 4 instead of 1. An example would be hdc4. The reason for this is that  
the Macintosh uses partition 4 for its data partition and has problems if data is on  
another partition.  
3备份到 JAZ 驱动器 
假定JAQ驱动器为SCSI接口,把JAZ驱动器当作SCSI链上的一个存储设备即可。 
四. 跨操作系统进行备份 
1. 把Linux服务器上的数据资料备份到windows 95/98机器上 
 假定一台windows机器jephe有一完全读写共享目录 data ,且密码为 secret ,现希望把Linux上的 
文件备份到这个共享目录下,则先把这个共享可写目录mount到Linux下,再做普通的cp操作 
附:在Linux上对Novell服务器上的数据进行备份:(http://www.pcquest.com/linux/netware.asp)  
NetWare And Linux 
Making your Linux server talk to NetWare servers and printers  
As almost every office-LAN has a NetWare server, your desktop client must be able to talk 
 to NetWare. This article tells you how a Linux box can access files on a Novell server  
and print to a Novell print queue. 
Linux, by default, uses the IP network protocol for network communication. However, Novell  
NetWare uses the IPX network pr