在操作系统损坏时恢复Oracle10g全过程

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    环境：oracle10g，操作系统5.2
    数据库系统在rootvg下/oracle文件系统下，
    数据文件在datavg下/oradata文件系统下
    控制文件在 $/ORACLE_HOME/dbs/一个和/oradata下两个
    重做日志文件在 $/ORACLE_HOME/dbs/和/oradata下每组日志文件各一个，共三组
    有最新spfile文件备份。
    1、rootvg损坏，重新安装操作系统。
    2、安装oracle数据库系统文件
    3、恢复spfile文件到$/ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下，
    4、startup nomount，出现错误提示，建立$/ORACLE_BASE/hb052500/cdump 和udump
    5、startup nomount，出现错误提示
    SQL startup nomount
    ORA-00444: background process "MMAN" failed while starting
    ORA-07446: sdnfy: bad value '' for parameter .

    ORA-07446 sdnfy: bad value 'string' for parameter string.
    Cause: The directory specified as the value for the stated parameter could not
    be used.
    Action: Make sure the directory you have specified is a valid directory/file
    specification.

    6、建立pfile文件
    SQL create pfile from spfile;

    File created.

    7、查看pfile文件，按照pfile文件中列出的路径，建立相应路径后台进程目录和归档目录
    *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/app/oracle/OraHome/dbs/archive'
    *.background_dump_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/hb052500/bdump'
    $ cd $/ORACLE_BASE/hb052500/
    $ ls
    cdump udump
    $ mkdir bdump
    $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
    $ ls
    hb052500 init.ora inithb052500.ora
    hc_hb052500.dat initdw.ora spfilehb052500.ora
    $ mkdir archive
    8、startup nomount成功。
    $ sqlplus /nolog

    SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on Sun Oct 16 21:23:17 2005

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

    SQL conn / as sysdba
    Connected to an idle instance.
    SQL startup nomount;
    ORACLE instance started.

    Total System Global Area 289406976 bytes
    Fixed Size 1328912 bytes
    Variable Size 262387952 bytes
    Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
    Redo Buffers 524288 bytes
    SQL

9、alter database mount，出现错误提示
    SQL alter database mount;
    alter database mount
    *
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-01990: error opening password file '/oracle/app/oracle/OraHome/dbs/orapw'
    ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
    IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 2: No such file or directory
    Additional information: 3

    10、建立口令文件
    orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwd.ora password=oracle
    11、
    SQL alter database mount;
    alter database mount
    *
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-01100: database already mounted

    SQL alter database open;
    alter database open
    *
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-38760: This database instance failed to turn on flashback database

    SQL alter database flashback off;

    Database altered.

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